*, *::before, *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html, body {
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

img, video, iframe, svg, canvas {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

:root {
  --color-brand: #1B1B1B;
  --color-cta: #C0392B;
  --color-bg: #FAF8F4;
  --color-neutral-1: #6B6560;
  --color-neutral-2: #E8E4DE;
  --color-white: #FFFFFF;
  --text-muted: #6B6560;
  --border: #E8E4DE;
}

.article-main {
  background-color: #FAF8F4;
  padding: 0;
}

.article-wrapper {
  max-width: 860px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 24px;
}

.article-body {
  padding: 3rem 0 4rem;
}

.prose-section {
  margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
}

.prose-section p {
  font-family: 'Iowan Old Style', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.1vw + 0.7rem, 1.125rem);
  line-height: 1.65;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  margin: 0 0 1.4rem 0;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}

.prose-section h2 {
  font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 2.5vw + 0.8rem, 2.8rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  margin: 0 0 1.2rem 0;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.prose-section h3 {
  font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 1.5vw + 0.6rem, 1.8rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  margin: 0 0 0.9rem 0;
}

.prose-section ul {
  font-family: 'Iowan Old Style', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.1vw + 0.7rem, 1.125rem);
  line-height: 1.65;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  margin: 0 0 1.4rem 0;
  padding-left: 1.6rem;
  list-style: disc;
}

.prose-section ul li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  padding-left: 0.3rem;
}

.prose-section strong {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #1B1B1B;
}

.article-intro .dropcap::first-letter {
  font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 3.8em;
  font-weight: 700;
  float: left;
  line-height: 0.85;
  margin-right: 0.12em;
  margin-top: 0.06em;
  color: #C0392B;
}

.section-label-line {
  width: 2rem;
  height: 0;
  border-top: 2px solid #C0392B;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.section-label-line--light {
  border-top-color: #E8E4DE;
}

.section-dark {
  background-color: #1B1B1B;
  padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
  margin-left: -2rem;
  margin-right: -2rem;
  border-radius: 0;
}

.section-dark h2 {
  color: #FFFFFF;
}

.section-dark p {
  color: #E8E4DE;
}

.section-dark strong {
  color: #FFFFFF;
}

.section-dark ul {
  color: #E8E4DE;
}

.section-dark li {
  color: #E8E4DE;
}

.section-dark .section-label-line--light {
  border-top-color: #6B6560;
}

.section-accent {
  background-color: #F2EDE6;
  padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
  margin-left: -2rem;
  margin-right: -2rem;
}

.section-accent h2 {
  color: #1B1B1B;
}

.section-accent p {
  color: #1B1B1B;
}

.article-figure {
  margin: 2rem 0 2.5rem;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.article-figure img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  border: 2px solid #1B1B1B;
}

.article-figure--odd img {
  box-shadow: 3px 4px 0px 0px #1B1B1B;
  transform: rotate(1.5deg);
  transition: box-shadow 0.15s linear;
}

.article-figure--even img {
  box-shadow: 3px 4px 0px 0px #1B1B1B;
  transform: rotate(-1.2deg);
  transition: box-shadow 0.15s linear;
}

.article-figure--odd:hover img {
  box-shadow: 5px 6px 0px 0px #C0392B;
}

.article-figure--even:hover img {
  box-shadow: 5px 6px 0px 0px #C0392B;
}

.article-figure figcaption {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: #6B6560;
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: italic;
}

.comparison-tool {
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  border: 1px solid #E8E4DE;
  box-shadow: 2px 3px 0px 0px #1B1B1B;
  padding: 1.8rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem;
  transition: box-shadow 0.15s linear;
}

.comparison-tool:hover {
  box-shadow: 4px 5px 0px 0px #C0392B;
}

.comparison-tool__header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-variant: small-caps;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.8rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #E8E4DE;
}

.comparison-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
}

.comparison-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.9rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 0.9rem;
  border: 1px solid #E8E4DE;
  transition: border-color 0.15s linear;
}

.comparison-item:hover {
  border-color: #C0392B;
}

.comparison-item__number {
  font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #C0392B;
  line-height: 1.6;
  min-width: 2rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.comparison-item__content strong {
  display: block;
  font-family: 'Iowan Old Style', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.comparison-item__content p {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: #6B6560;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.table-wrapper {
  overflow-x: auto;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem;
}

.article-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-family: 'Iowan Old Style', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
}

.article-table thead {
  background-color: #1B1B1B;
}

.article-table th {
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
  text-align: left;
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: #FAF8F4;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.article-table td {
  padding: 0.8rem 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #E8E4DE;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  vertical-align: top;
}

.article-table tbody tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.article-table tbody tr {
  transition: background-color 0.15s linear;
}

.article-table tbody tr:hover {
  background-color: #FAF8F4;
}

.calculator-block {
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  border: 1px solid #E8E4DE;
  box-shadow: 2px 3px 0px 0px #1B1B1B;
  padding: 2rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem;
  transition: box-shadow 0.15s linear;
}

.calculator-block__title {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-variant: small-caps;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.7rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #E8E4DE;
}

.calculator-fields {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
}

.calc-field {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.calc-field label {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: #6B6560;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.calc-field input {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
  font-family: 'Iowan Old Style', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  background-color: #FAF8F4;
  border: 1px solid #E8E4DE;
  border-radius: 0;
  outline: none;
  transition: border-color 0.15s linear;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.calc-field input:focus {
  border-color: #1B1B1B;
}

.calc-btn {
  display: inline-block;
  background-color: #C0392B;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  padding: 0.65rem 1.6rem;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 0.15s linear;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.calc-btn:hover {
  background-color: #a93226;
}

.calc-result {
  min-height: 2rem;
  font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.calc-result strong {
  color: #C0392B;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
}

.models-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.model-card {
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  border: 1px solid #E8E4DE;
  box-shadow: 2px 3px 0px 0px #1B1B1B;
  padding: 1.6rem;
  transition: box-shadow 0.15s linear;
}

.model-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 4px 5px 0px 0px #C0392B;
}

.model-card__icon {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: #1B1B1B;
}

.model-card h3 {
  font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  margin: 0 0 0.7rem 0;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.model-card p {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.model-card ul {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.3rem;
  list-style: disc;
}

.model-card ul li {
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #1B1B1B;
}

.metrics-block {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.2rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

.metric-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  border: 1px solid #E8E4DE;
  box-shadow: 2px 3px 0px 0px #1B1B1B;
  padding: 1.3rem 1.6rem;
  transition: box-shadow 0.15s linear;
}

.metric-row:hover {
  box-shadow: 4px 5px 0px 0px #C0392B;
}

.metric-info {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.metric-info strong {
  display: block;
  font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.metric-info p {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #6B6560;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.metric-visual {
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.faq-block {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid #E8E4DE;
}

.faq-item {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #E8E4DE;
  padding: 1.2rem 0;
}

.faq-question {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
  cursor: default;
}

.faq-question svg {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-top: 3px;
}

.faq-answer {
  font-family: 'Iowan Old Style', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #6B6560;
  line-height: 1.65;
  font-weight: 400;
  padding-left: 1.6rem;
}

.method-steps {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.2rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

.method-step {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.2rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 1.3rem 1.5rem;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  border: 1px solid #E8E4DE;
  box-shadow: 2px 3px 0px 0px #1B1B1B;
  transition: box-shadow 0.15s linear;
}

.method-step:hover {
  box-shadow: 4px 5px 0px 0px #C0392B;
}

.step-num {
  font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #C0392B;
  line-height: 1;
  min-width: 2.5rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  padding-top: 0.2rem;
}

.step-content {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.step-content strong {
  display: block;
  font-family: 'Iowan Old Style', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #1B1B1B;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.step-content p {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: #6B6560;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.article-cta-block {
  background-color: #1B1B1B;
  padding: 3rem 2.5rem;
  margin: 3rem 0 2rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.article-cta-block__content {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.article-cta-block h2 {
  font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2vw + 0.8rem, 2.2rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 560px;
}

.article-cta-block p {
  font-family: 'Iowan Old Style', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #E8E4DE;
  line-height: 1.65;
  font-weight: 400;
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 480px;
}

.article-cta-block svg {
  color: #C0392B;
}

.cta-btn {
  display: inline-block;
  background-color: #C0392B;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  padding: 0.75rem 2rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  transition: background-color 0.15s linear;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.cta-btn:hover {
  background-color: #a93226;
}

.article-disclaimer {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: #888;
  line-height: 1.65;
  font-weight: 400;
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #E8E4DE;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .article-wrapper {
    padding: 0 16px;
  }

  .article-body {
    padding: 2rem 0 3rem;
  }

  .prose-section {
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  }

  .prose-section h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 5vw, 2rem);
  }

  .prose-section h3 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }

  .section-dark {
    margin-left: -16px;
    margin-right: -16px;
    padding: 2rem 1.2rem;
  }

  .section-accent {
    margin-left: -16px;
    margin-right: -16px;
    padding: 2rem 1.2rem;
  }

  .comparison-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .comparison-tool {
    padding: 1.2rem;
  }

  .calculator-fields {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .calculator-block {
    padding: 1.3rem;
  }

  .models-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .metric-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 1rem;
    padding: 1.2rem;
  }

  .metric-visual {
    align-self: center;
  }

  .method-step {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.7rem;
    padding: 1.1rem;
  }

  .step-num {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
  }

  .article-cta-block {
    padding: 2rem 1.2rem;
  }

  .article-cta-block h2 {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
  }

  .article-hero {
    min-height: 380px;
    padding-left: 1.2rem;
    padding-right: 1.2rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .article-wrapper {
    padding: 0 12px;
  }

  .prose-section h2 {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
  }

  .comparison-item {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }

  .comparison-item__number {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }

  .faq-question {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }

  .article-table th,
  .article-table td {
    padding: 0.6rem 0.7rem;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
  }

  .article-cta-block {
    padding: 1.5rem 1rem;
  }

  .article-figure--odd img,
  .article-figure--even img {
    transform: none;
  }
}

/* ===== TYPOGRAPHY SPACING FIX (APS_ARTICLE_TYPO_REQUIRED_v2) ===== */
/* Defensive guard against universal * { margin: 0 } reset in global.css. */
/* body-scoped via :where() so specificity stays at 0,0,0,1 — beats * but
   loses to any component rule like .tip-box p / .faq-item p. */
body :where(p)              { margin-bottom: 1.1rem; }
body :where(h2)             { margin-top: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
body :where(h3)             { margin-top: 1.75rem; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
body :where(h4)             { margin-top: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
body :where(ul, ol)         { margin-bottom: 1.1rem; padding-left: 1.5rem; }
body :where(li)             { margin-bottom: 0.4rem; }
body :where(blockquote)     { margin: 1.5rem 0; }
.article-container { max-width: 860px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 24px; }